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      <record key="001" att1="001" value="LIB900232109" att2="LIB900232109">001   LIB900232109</record>
      <field key="037" subkey="x">englisch</field>
      <field key="050" subkey="x">Forschungsbericht</field>
      <field key="076" subkey="">Ökonomie</field>
      <field key="079" subkey="y">http://www.ihs.ac.at/publications/ihsfo/fo233.pdf</field>
      <field key="079" subkey="z">kunst, robert - et al., the export-productivity relation-ship: a time series representation for austria (pdf)</field>
      <field key="100" subkey="">kunst, robert</field>
      <field key="104" subkey="a">marin, dalia</field>
      <field key="331" subkey="">the export-productivity relation-ship: a time series representation for austria</field>
      <field key="403" subkey="">1. ed.</field>
      <field key="410" subkey="">wien</field>
      <field key="412" subkey="">institut fuer hoehere studien</field>
      <field key="425" subkey="">1986, september</field>
      <field key="433" subkey="">35 pp.</field>
      <field key="451" subkey="">institut fuer hoehere studien; forschungsberichte; 233</field>
      <field key="461" subkey="">research memorandum</field>
      <field key="544" subkey="">IHSFO 233</field>
      <field key="753" subkey="">summary (introduction): the causes of the wide variation in growth rates between countries have been debated by theorists of</field>
      <field key="eco" subkey="n">omic growth. different studies have shown these disparities between growth rates to be only in part explainable by different</field>
      <field key="rat" subkey="e">s of increase in the employment of the basic factors of production, capital and labour (solow 1957, denison 1967). the main</field>
      <field key="con" subkey="c">lusion to be drawn from these studies is that the diversity in growth rates between countries was largely caused by different</field>
      <field key="rat" subkey="e">s of increase in productivity per unit of factor input. the observed positive association between productivity growth and</field>
      <field key="exp" subkey="o">rt growth led to two contrasting causal hypotheses. the first assumes technical change and productivity to be largely induced</field>
      <field key="by" subkey="d">emand prospects via export growth, which is initially autonomous. the second considers technical change and productivity to</field>
      <field key="be" subkey="m">ainly autonomous in the sense of being relatively independent of export demand and it is then the rate of growth of exports</field>
      <field key="whi" subkey="c">h is determined by supply factors like technical innovation. the direction of causation between exports and technical change</field>
      <field key="has" subkey="">important implications for the way economic policy can stimulate growth. while the export-productivity link given by the</field>
      <field key="exp" subkey="o">rt-led growth model suggests a demand policy to push exports up, e.g. by a depreciation of the exchange rate, the link</field>
      <field key="des" subkey="c">ribed by the technology based international trade models considers supply measures like encouragement of r&amp;d expenditures,</field>
      <field key="sub" subkey="s">idies for investments in innovation etc. as more effective to stimulate growth. this paper explores with austrian data which</field>
      <field key="of" subkey="t">he above hypotheses are compatible with the observed movements between exports, productivity and the terms of trade. for that</field>
      <field key="pur" subkey="p">ose, the causal ordering between exports, productivity, and the terms of trade will be identified on the basis of granger's</field>
      <field key="con" subkey="c">ept of causality and the dynamic characteristics of the series will be shown by simulations with exogenous shocks. a</field>
      <field key="con" subkey="s">iderable number of time series studies in recent years has concentrated on the investigation of the causal relationship</field>
      <field key="bet" subkey="w">een money and income (pioneered by sims 1972, on the one hand and the causation between employment and the real wage on the</field>
      <field key="oth" subkey="e">r (sargent 1978, neftci l978, geary/kennan 1982, ashenfelter and card 1982). in these fields of application, causality tests</field>
      <field key="wer" subkey="e">also performed with austrian data (handler 1985, neusser 1986, winckler/kunst</field>
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